本书详细介绍了Python 程序设计的基本环境、概念、方法和应用，特别是Python 在数据获取、数据处理、数据展示等方面的应用。本书分为三部分：第一部分（第1～ 4 章）是Python 语言的基础知识，包括数据与运算、语句与控制结构、组合数据类型；第二部分（第5 ～ 8 章）是Python 语言的高级部分，包括函数、常用的算法 、文件与异常、类与模块；第三部分（第9 ～12 章）是Python 的综合应用，包括文本处理、网络爬虫及API 调用、图表展示及综合应用、图形用户界面。本书内容详尽、循序渐进，既介绍语法，又讲解应用。本书提供了大量典型实例，特别是数字、文本、图形三方面的实例。所有的实例都配有二维码，读者扫码后可以打开一个界面，其中可以修改并测试程序，还能分步运行，以查看程序的运行流程和变量的变化。本书可作为高等学校各专业Python 程序设计课程的教材，也可作为全国等级考试二级Python 的参考书，还可作为计算机技术的培训教材和自学用书。

唐大仕，博士，教学名师，自1995年开始一直在北京大学从事计算机应用与编程教学科研工作。《C#程序设计》和《Java程序设计》分别于2017年和2018年获评国家级精品在线开放课程。

目录
第1 章 Python 基础 ······················.1
1.1　Python 语言 ······························.1
1.1.1　程序设计语言 ··················.1
1.1.2　Python 语言的产生 ············.3
1.1.3　Python 语言的特点 ············.3
1.1.4　Python 语言的应用场景 ······.5
1.2　Python 的安装 ···························.6
1.2.1　下载 Python ·····················.6
1.2.2　安装 Python ·····················.7
1.3　Python 程序的书写与运行 ············.8
1.3.1　使用IDLE 交互式环境·······.8
1.3.2　程序文件的建立与运行 ······.9
1.4　简单的Python 程序 ····················.11
1.4.1　 输入、处理、输出
（IPO） ···························.11
1.4.2　常见的语法要素 ···············12
1.5　其他集成开发工具 ······················16
1.5.1　Visual Studio Code·············16
1.5.2　PyCharm·························17
1.5.3　Anaconda ························17
本章小结 ········································19
习题1 ············································19
第2 章　数据与运算 ·······················20
2.1　变量与数据类型 ·························20
2.1.1　数据、常量与变量 ············20
2.1.2　基本数据类型 ··················20
2.1.3　类型的判断与转换 ············22
2.2　算术运算及数学函数 ···················23
2.2.1　运算符与表达式 ···············23
2.2.2　算术运算符 ·····················23
2.2.3　内置函数 ························25
2.2.4　math 模块中的数学函数 ·····27
2.3　关系运算及逻辑运算 ···················28
2.3.1　关系运算 ························28
2.3.2　逻辑运算 ························29
2.3.3　运算符的优先级与结合性 ···30
2.4　字符串运算及格式化 ···················31
2.4.1　字符串的常见运算 ············31
2.4.2　数据的显示与格式化 ·········32
本章小结 ········································34
习题2 ············································34
第3 章　语句与控制结构 ·················36
3.1　基本语句及顺序结构 ···················36
3.1.1　三种基本流程及流程图 ······36
3.1.2　简单语句 ························37
3.2　分支语句 ··································38
3.2.1　if 语句 ···························38
3.2.2　if 语句的嵌套 ··················40
3.2.3　elif 语句 ·························40
3.2.4　 应用举例——自动出题
并判分 ···························42
3.3　循环语句 ··································44
3.3.1　for 循环语句 ····················44
3.3.2　while 循环语句 ················47
3.3.3　 循环的五要素及153
检查法 ···························48
3.3.4　循环语句的嵌套 ···············49
3.4　循环语句的应用 ·························50
3.4.1　绘图 ······························50
3.4.2　数列求和 ························54
3.4.3　字符串加密 ·····················55
3.4.4　跳转语句 ························56
本章小结 ········································57
习题3 ············································57
第4 章　组合数据类型 ····················59
4.1　列表 ········································59
4.1.1　列表是一个序列 ···············59
4.1.2　列表的操作 ·····················60
4.1.3　列表的遍历 ·····················63
4.1.4　列表的方法 ·····················64
4.2　字典 ········································65
4.2.1　字典即映射 ·····················65
4.2.2　字典的操作 ·····················66
4.2.3　字典的遍历 ·····················68
4.2.4　字典的方法 ·····················68
4.3　元组与集合 ·······························69
4.3.1　元组 ······························69
4.3.2　集合 ······························71
4.3.3　 列表、字典、元组、集合的
区别与转换 ·····················73
4.4　组合数据的应用 ·························76
4.4.1　列表在统计中的应用 ·········76
4.4.2　字典在统计中的应用 ·········77
4.4.3　蒙特卡罗法 ·····················78
本章小结 ········································82
习题4 ············································82
第5 章　函数 ································84
5.1　函数的定义与调用 ······················84
5.1.1　函数的概念 ·····················84
5.1.2　定义函数 ························85
5.1.3　任务分解与代码重用 ·········86
5.2　函数中的变量与参数传递 ·············91
5.2.1　函数调用的执行流程 ·········91
5.2.2　变量的生存期和作用域 ······93
5.2.3　参数的传递 ·····················94
5.3　函数的高级特性 ·························95
5.3.1　列表推导式 ·····················96
5.3.2　排序与lambda 表达式········97
5.3.3　映射、筛选及高阶函数 ······99
本章小结 ·····································.101
习题5 ·········································.101
第6 章　常用的算法 ·····················102
6.1　算法 ·····································.102
6.1.1　算法的概念 ··················.102
6.1.2　算法的判断标准及代价 ···.103
6.2　穷举算法 ·······························.106
6.3　迭代算法 ·································110
6.4　递归算法 ·································111
本章小结 ·······································116
习题6 ···········································117
第7 章　文件与异常 ····················.119
7.1　文件及其基本操作 ·····················119
7.1.1　文件路径及文件分类 ········119
7.1.2　文件的基本操作 ············.121
7.2　文本文件与二进制文件 ·············.123
7.2.1　文本文件的读写 ············.123
7.2.2　二进制文件的读写 ·········.126
7.2.3　文本文件的应用示例 ······.126
7.3　数据文件的应用 ······················.127
7.3.1　数据文件的读取及统计 ···.127
7.3.2　数据文件的查询及筛选 ···.128
7.3.3　数据文件的分类汇总 ······.129
7.4　目录操作及文件批量处理 ··········.130
7.4.1　文件及目录的基本操作 ···.131
7.4.2　目录遍历及文件批处理 ···.132
7.5　异常与程序的调试 ···················.134
7.5.1　程序错误的种类 ············.134
7.5.2　异常捕获处理 ···············.135
7.5.3　 程序的调试：断点、跟踪、
监视 ···························.138
本章小结 ·····································.141
习题7 ·········································.142
第8 章　类与模块 ························143
8.1　类的定义及使用 ······················.143
8.1.1　 对象是属性与方法的
封装 ···························.143
8.1.2　类的定义 ·····················.144
8.1.3　魔术方法 ·····················.147
8.1.4　继承 ···························.151
8.1.5　 面向对象程序设计的三大
特点 ···························.152
8.2　模块及包 ·······························.153
8.2.1　模块 ···························.153
8.2.2　包 ······························.155
8.3　Python 标准库简介 ··················.157
8.3.1　数学、文本相关 ············.157
8.3.2　集合、统计、函数相关 ···.159
8.3.3　时间、系统、文件相关 ···.159
8.3.4　其他的“自带电池” ·······.161
8.4　第三方库简介 ·························.161
8.4.1　安装第三方库 ···············.162
8.4.2　使用第三方库 ···············.163
本章小结 ·····································.167
习题8 ·········································.167
第9 章　文本处理 ························168
9.1　字符串 ··································.168
9.1.1　字符串的运算 ···············.168
9.1.2　字符串的方法 ···············.170
9.2　正则表达式 ····························.173
9.2.1　 正则表达式三要素：字符、
量词、位置 ··················.173
9.2.2　正则表达式的测试 ·········.176
9.2.3　查找 ···························.178
9.2.4　匹配、替换及分割 ·········.180
9.3　文本统计 ·······························.182
9.3.1　 字母、单词、文字的
统计 ···························.182
9.3.2　N-Gram 的统计 ·············.183
9.4　自然语言处理 ·························.185
9.4.1　中文分词 ·····················.185
9.4.2　情感分析 ·····················.188
本章小结 ·····································.189
习题9 ·········································.190
第10 章　网络爬虫及API 调用 ·······191
10.1　网络信息获取 ·······················.191
10.1.1　 网络信息获取的相关
概念 ·························.191
10.1.2　使用urlopen() 函数 ·······.194
10.1.3　使用requests 库 ···········.196
10.2　网络信息及内容解析 ··············.198
10.2.1　网络信息的种类 ··········.198
10.2.2　 网页结构及HTML
标记 ·························.199
10.2.3　 使用正则表达式处理
网页 ·························.202
10.2.4　使用bs4 解析网页 ········.202
10.3　网络爬虫 ·····························.206
10.3.1　通用的爬虫程序 ··········.206
10.3.2　专用的爬虫程序 ··········.208
10.4　API ······································211
10.4.1　JSON 数据 ···················211
10.4.2　调用API ····················.213
本章小结 ·····································.217
习题10 ········································.217
第11 章　图表展示及综合应用 ········219
11.1　Matplotlib ·····························.219
11.1.1　Matplotlib 基本使用 ······.219
11.1.2　 折线图、散点图、柱状图、
饼图 ·························.222
11.1.3　 绘制几何图形及函数
图像 ·························.226
11.2　ECharts ································.229
11.2.1　pyecharts 基本使用 ·······.229
11.2.2　 柱状图、折线图、
饼图 ·························.230
11.2.3　地图 ·························.234
11.3　 数据获取、处理、展示的综合
应用 ···································.237
11.3.1　《全宋词》词云 ············.237
11.3.2　财经数据显示 ·············.238
11.3.3　 各地区好影片数量
分析 ·························.240
本章小结 ·····································.245
习题11 ········································.245
第12 章　图形用户界面 ·················246
12.1　Tkinter 图形用户界面 ··············.246
12.1.1　图形用户界面框架 ·······.246
12.1.2　组件 ·························.250
12.1.3　布局 ·························.252
12.1.4　事件 ·························.255
12.1.5　变量 ·························.257
12.2　Tkinter 应用 ··························.258
12.2.1　自动出题并判分 ··········.258
12.2.2　录入人员信息 ·············.262
12.2.3　背单词 ······················.264
12.2.4　显示建议词 ················.265
12.3　图像处理 ·····························.266
12.3.1　 Image 模块及基本的图像
处理 ·························.267
12.3.2　图像过滤与增强 ··········.268
12.3.3　图像的像素点计算 ·······.270
12.4　PyInstaller 打包应用程序 ·········.273
本章小结 ·····································.274
习题12 ········································.274
参考文献·····································276