本书分16章，主要包括逐步增长聚合、自由基加成聚合、离子聚合、线型共聚物及其他构造、金属催化剂引发的聚合反应及其转移反应、聚合物溶液、结晶态和部分有序结构等内容。

    何威杰、劳拉所著的《高分子化学与物理(导读 版)》主要包括聚合物科学不同领域的最新进展。虽 然聚合物科学的基础未变，但在分子量、大分子结构 、构造的控制，以及制备特殊性能材料的能力方面已 经有了许多重要发现。为了说明这一点，作者对相关 章节进行了扩展。扩展的内容包括可控自由基聚合、 金属茂化学、嵌段及接枝聚合物的制备、多臂及树枝 状结构。《高分子化学与物理(导读版)》还增加了聚 合物材料在电子、生物及医学领域的应用，也增收了 一些实例。对聚合物的表征章节也做了相应修改，以 体现当今的新方法。这些新方法采用了新技术以替代 或改进旧方法。这一版本最显著的改变，大概是每章 末尾新增了一系列思考题，用于测试读者是否理解每 章中提到的知识点，以及在某些情况下扩展该知识。

序
Preface / 前言
Chapter 1Introduction / 引言 1
1.1 Birth of a Concept / 概念的诞生 2
1.2 Some Basic Definitions / 基本定义 3
1.3 Synthesis of Polymers / 聚合物的合成 5
1.4 Nomenclature / 命名法 5
1.5 Average Molar Masses and Distributions / 平均摩尔质量及分布 9
1.6 Size and Shape / 大小和形状 11
1.7 Configuration / 构型 13
1.8 The Glass Transition Temperature Tg and the Melting
Temperature Tm / 玻璃化转变温度Tg及熔点Tm 15
1.9 Elastomers, Fibers, and Plastics / 弹性体、纤维及塑料 17
1.10 Fiber-Forming Polymers / 成纤聚合物 19
1.11 Plastics / 塑料 19
1.12 Thermosetting Polymers / 热固性聚合物 22
1.13 Elastomers / 弹性体 22
Problems / 习题 26
References / 参考文献 28
Bibliography / 参考书目 28
Chapter 2Step-Growth Polymerization / 逐步增长聚合 31
2.1 General Reactions / 一般反应 32
2.2 Reactivity of Functional Groups / 官能团的反应活性 33
2.3 Carothers Equation / Carothers方程 34
2.4 Control of the Molar Mass / 摩尔质量的控制 36
2.5 Stoichiometric Control of Mn / Mn的化学计量控制 38
2.6 Kinetics / 动力学 40
2.7 Molar Mass Distribution in Linear Systems / 线性体系中的摩
尔质量分布 41
2.8 Average Molar Masses / 平均摩尔质量 42
2.9 Characteristics of Step-Growth Polymerization / 逐步增长聚合
的表征 42
2.10 Typical Step-Growth Reactions / 典型的逐步增长聚合 42
2.11 Ring Formation / 成环 43
2.12 Nonlinear Step-Growth Reactions / 非线性逐步增长聚合 44
2.13 Statistical Derivation / 统计推导 45
2.14 Comparison with Experiment / 实验对比 46
2.15 Polyurethanes / 聚氨酯 48
2.16 Thermosetting Polymers / 热固性聚合物 51
Problems / 习题 54
References / 参考文献 58
Bibliography / 参考书目 58
Chapter 3Free-Radical Addition Polymerization / 自由基加成
聚合 59
3.1 Addition Polymerization / 加成聚合 60
3.2 Choice of Initiators / 引发剂的选择 60
3.3 Free-Radical Polymerization / 自由基聚合 61
3.4 Initiators / 引发剂 62
3.4.1 Initiator Efficiency / 引发剂效率. 65
3.5 Chain Growth / 链增长 65
3.6 Termination / 终止 65
3.7 Steady-State Kinetics / 稳态动力学 66
3.8 High-Conversion Bulk Polymerizations / 高转化率本体聚合 68
3.9 Chain Transfer / 链转移 70
3.9.1 Consequences of Chain Transfer / 链转移的结果 73
3.10 Inhibitors and Retarders / 阻聚剂和缓聚剂 73
3.11 Activation Energies and the Effect of Temperature / 活化能和温
度的影响 75
3.12 Thermodynamics of Radical Polymerization / 自由基聚合物
热力学 76
3.13 Heats of Polymerization / 聚合热 79
3.14 Polymerization Processes / 聚合过程 79
3.15 Features of Free-Radical Polymerization / 自由基聚合的特性 82
3.16 Controlled Radical Polymerization / 可控自由基聚合 82
3.17 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerizations / 氮氧自由基介导的聚合 84
3.18 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) / 原子转移自
由基聚合（ATRP） 85
3.19 Reverse ATRP / 可逆原子转移自由基聚合 86
3.20 Degenerative Chain Transfer Reaction (DT) / 衰减链转移反
应（DT） 87
3.21 Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) /
可逆加成断型链转移（RAFT） 54
3.22 CRP of Vinyl Chloride / 氯乙烯的可控自由基聚合 90
3.23 The Kinetics of CRP Processes / 可控自由基聚合过程动力学 90
3.24 Application to Experimental Data / 应用于实验的数据 93
Problems / 习题 95
References / 参考文献 99
Bibliography / 参考书目 99
Chapter 4Ionic Polymerization / 离子聚合 101
4.1 General Characteristics / 离子聚合的一般特征 102
4.2 Cationic Polymerization / 阳离子聚合 103
4.3 Propagation by Cationic Chain Carriers / 经由阳离子链载体
的链增长 104
4.4 Termination / 终止 105
4.5 General Kinetic Scheme / 一般动力学方程 106
4.6 Energetics of Cationic Polymerization / 阳离子聚合热力学 106
4.7 Telechelic Polymers via Cationic Polymerization / 由阳离子聚
合制备遥爪聚合物 107
4.8 Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization / 阳离子的开环聚合 108
4.9 Stable Carbocations / 稳态的碳阳离子 110
4.10 Anionic Polymerization / 阴离子聚合 111
4.11 Living Polymers / 活性聚合物 112
4.12 Kinetics and Molar Mass Distribution in Living Anionic Systems /
活性阴离子聚合动力学及摩尔质量分布 113
4.13 Metal Alkyl Initiators / 金属烷基化合物引发剂 117
4.14 Solvent and Gegen Ion Effects / 溶剂和平衡离子效应 117
4.15 Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization / 阴离子开环聚合 117
Problems / 习题 119
References / 参考文献 121
Bibliography / 参考书目 122
Chapter 5Linear Copolymers and Other Architectures / 线型共
聚物及其他构造 123
5.1 General Characteristics / 一般特性 124
5.2 Composition Drift / 组成飘移 125
5.3 The Copolymer Equation / 共聚合方程 125
5.4 Monomer Reactivity Ratios / 单体竞聚率 126
5.5 Reactivity Ratios and Copolymer Structure / 竞聚率与共聚物
的结构 127
5.6 Monomer Reactivities and Chain Initiation / 单体反应活性与
链引发 130
5.7 Influence of Structural Effects on Monomer Reactivity Ratios /
结构效应对单体竞聚率的影响 130
5.7.1 Resonance Effects / 共振效应 130
5.7.2 Polar Effects / 极性效应 132
5.8 The Q杄 Scheme / Q杄概念 132
5.9 Alternating Copolymers / 交替共聚物 134
5.10 Block Copolymer Synthesis / 嵌段共聚物 136
5.10.1 Transformation Reactions / 转化反应 138
5.10.1.1 Cationic to CRP / 阳离子向可控自由基聚
合 140
5.10.1.2 Anionic to CRP / 阴离子向可控自由基聚
合 141
5.10.1.3 ROMP to ATRP / 开环易位聚合向原子转
移自由基聚合 142
5.10.1.4 Step-Growth ATRP / 逐步增长原子转移自
由基聚合 142
5.10.2 Coupling Reactions / 偶合反应 143
5.10.3 Use of CRP Methods / 可控自由基聚合方法的应用 145
5.11 Graft Copolymer Synthesis / 接枝共聚物的合成 148
5.12 Statistical and Gradient Copolymers / 无规和粘度共聚物 150
5.13 Complex Molecular Architectures / 复杂分子结构 151
5.14 Dendrimers / 树枝状分子 152
5.14.1 Divergent Growth / 发散性增长 153
5.14.2 Convergent Growth / 收敛性增长 154
5.14.3 Dendrimer Molecular Weight / 树枝状大分子的分子
量 155
5.14.4 Properties of Dendrimers / 树枝状分子的性质 156
5.14.5 Applications of Dendrimers / 树枝状分子的应用 157
Problems / 习题 158
References / 参考文献 159
Bibliography / 参考书目 159
Chapter 6Polymer Stereochemistry / 聚合物立体化学 160
6.1 Architecture / 结构 161
6.2 Orientation / 取向 161
6.3 Configuration / 构型  162
6.3.1 Monotactic Polymers / 单一立构规正聚合物 163
6.3.2 Ditactic Polymers / 双立构规正聚合物 164
6.33 Polyethers / 聚醚 164
6.4 Geometric Isomerism / 几何异物 166
6.5 Conformation of Stereoregular Polymers / 有规立构聚合物
的构象 167
6.6 Factors Influencing Stereoregulation / 影响有规立构的因素 169
6.7 Homogeneous Stereospecific Cationic Polymerizations / 均相
立体选择性阳离子聚合 171
6.8 Homogeneous Stereoselective Anionic Polymerizations / 均相
立体选择性阴离子聚合 172
6.9 Homogeneous Diene Polymerization / 均相二烯烃聚合 174
6.10 Summary / 小结 176
Problems / 习题 176
References / 参考文献 177
Bibliography / 参考书目 177
Chapter 7Polymerization Reactions Initiated by Metal Catalysts
and Transfer Reactions / 金属催化剂引发的聚合反应及
其转移反应 178
7.1 Polymerization Using Ziegler朜atta Catalysts / 利用Ziegler? Natta催化剂的聚合 179
7.2 Nature of the Catalyst / 催化剂的特点 180
7.3 Nature of Active Centers / 活性中心的特点 181
7.4 Bimetallic Mechanism / 双金属催化机理 181
7.5 Monometallic Mechanism / 单金属催化机理 182
7.6 Stereoregulation / 有规立构化 184
7.7 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) / 开环易位
聚合（ROMP） 185
7.8 Monocyclic Monomers / 单环单体 185
7.9 Bicyclo- and Tricyclomonomers / 双环和三环单体 187
7.10 Copolyalkenamers / 共聚烯烃 188
7.11 Living Systems / 活性体系 188
7.12 Group Transfer Polymerization (GTP) / 基因转移聚合（GTP） 190
7.13 Aldol Group Transfer Polymerization / 醇醛基因转移聚合 191
7.14 Metallocene Catalysts / 茂金属催化剂 192
7.14.1 Metallocene/Aluminoxane Catalysts / 茂金属络合物/
铝氧烷催化剂 193
7.14.2 Stereoregulation / 有规立构化 193
7.14.3 Cationic Metallocenes / 阳离子茂金属 196
7.14.4 Mechanism of Stereoregulation / 有规立构化机理 196
7.15 Concluding Remarks / 结论 197
Problems / 习题 198
References / 参考文献 198
Bibliography / 参考书目 198
Chapter 8Polymers in Solution / 聚合物溶液 200
8.1 Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions / 聚合物溶液热力学 201
8.2 Ideal Mixtures of Small Molecules / 小分子的理想混合物 201
8.3 Nonideal Solutions / 非理想溶液 203
8.4 Flory朒uggins Theory: Entropy of Mixing / Flory朒uggins理
论混合熵 203
8.5 Enthalpy Change on Mixing / 混合焓变 207
8.6 Free Energy of Mixing / 混合自由能 208
8.7 Limitations of the Flory-Huggins Theory / Flory-Huggins理论
的局限性. 209
8.8 Phase Equilibria / 相平衡 210
8.9 Flory朘rigbaum Theory / Flory朘rigbaum理论 212
8.10 Location of the Theta Temperature / q温度的测定 214
8.11 Lower Critical Solution Temperatures / 低临界溶液温度 218
8.12 Solubility and the Cohesive Energy Density / 溶解度和内聚
能密度 220
8.13 Polymer朠olymer Mixtures / 聚合物-聚合物混合物 223
8.14 Kinetics of Phase Separation / 相分离动力学 227
Problems / 习题 228
References / 参考文献 231
Bibliography / 参考书目 231
Chapter 9Polymer Characterization - Molar Masses / 聚合物表
征—摩尔质量 233
9.1 Introduction / 简介 234
9.2 Molar Masses, Molecular Weights, and SI Units / 摩尔质量、
分子量及国际单位制 234
9.3 Number-Average Molar Mass Mn / 数均摩尔质量Mn 234
9.4 End-Group Assay / 端基分析 235
9.5 Colligative Properties of Solutions / 溶液的依数性 235
9.6 Osmotic Pressure / 渗透压法 236
9.7 Light Scattering / 光散射法 239
9.7.1 Scattering from Large Particles / 大粒子的散射 241
9.8 Dynamic Light Scattering / 动态光散射 244
9.9 Viscosity / 黏度法 245
9.9.1 Viscosity-Average Molecular Weight / 黏均分子量 247
9.10 Gel Permeation Chromatography / 凝胶渗透色谱法 248
9.11 MALDI / 基质辅助激光解的电离质谱法 252
Problems / 习题 253
References / 参考文献 256
Bibliography / 参考书目 257
Chapter 10Polymer Characterization - Chain Dimensions, Struc-
tures, and Morphology / 聚合物表征—链尺寸、结
构及形态学 258
10.1 Average Chain Dimensions / 平均链尺寸 259
10.2 Freely Jointed Chain Model / 自由连接链模型 260
10.3 Short-Range Effects / 短程效应 261
10.4 Chain Stiffness / 链的刚性 261
10.5 Treatment of Dilute Solution Data / 稀溶液数据的处理 262
10.5.1 The Second Virial Coefficient / 第二维利系数 262
10.5.2 Expansion Factor  / 溶胀因子 263
10.5.3 Flory朏ox Theory / Flory朏ox理论 264
10.5.4 Indirect Estimates of Unperturbed Chain Dimensions /
无扰链尺寸的间接估测 265
10.5.5 Influence of Tacticity on Chain Dimensions / 规整度对
链尺寸的影响 265
10.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) / 校磁共振（NMR） 266
10.7 Infrared Spectroscopy / 红外光谱 268
10.8 Thermal Analysis / 热分析 270
10.9 Wide-Angle and Small-Angle Scattering / 广角及小角散射 271
10.9.1 Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering / 广角X射线散射 272
10.9.2 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) / 小角X射线
散射（SAXS） 273
10.9.3 Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) / 小角中子
散射（SANS） 274
10.10   Microscopy / 显微技术 277
10.10.1 Optical Microscopy / 光学显微镜 278
10.10.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy / 扫描电子显微镜 279
10.10.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy / 透射电子显微镜 280
10.10.4 Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Micro-
scopy/ 原子力和扫描隧道显微镜 280
Problems / 习题 282
References / 参考文献 283
Bibliography / 参考书目 283
Chapter 11The Crystalline State and Partially Ordered Structures
/ 结晶态和部分有序结构 284
11.1 Introduction / 介绍 285
11.2 Mechanism of Crystallization / 结晶机理 285
11.3 Temperature and Growth Rate / 温度和增长速率 287
11.4 Melting / 熔融 288
11.4.1 Effect of Crystallite Size on Melting / 微晶大小对熔融
的影响 288
11.5 Thermodynamic Parameters / 热力学参数 288
11.6 Crystalline Arrangement of Polymers / 聚合物的晶体排列 291
11.6.1 Factors Affecting Crystallinity and Tm / 影响结晶度和
Tm的因素 291
11.6.1.1 Symmetry / 对称性 291
11.6.1.2 Intermolecular Bonding / 分子间键合 292
11.6.1.3 Tacticity / 立构规整性 293
11.6.1.4 Branching and Molar Mass / 接枝与摩尔
质量 293
11.7 Morphology and Kinetics / 形态与动力学 293
11.8 Morphology  / 形态 293
11.8.1 Crystallites / 微晶 294
11.8.2 Single Crystals / 单晶 294
11.8.3 Hedrites / 多角晶 295
11.8.4 Crystallization from the Melt / 熔融结晶 295
11.8.5 Spherulites / 球晶 297
11.9 Kinetics of Crystallization / 结晶动力学 298
11.9.1 Isothermal Crystallization / 等温结晶 299
11.9.2 The Avrami Equation / Avrami方程 299
11.9.3 Deviations from Avrami Equation / 偏离Avrami方程 300
11.10 Block Copolymers / 嵌段共聚物 300
11.11 Historical Development of Polymer Liquid Crystals / 聚合物
液晶的发展历史 302
11.12 Liquid Crystalline Phases / 液晶相 303
11.13 Identification of the Mesophases / 中间相的识别 306
11.14 Lyotropic Main-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers / 溶致性主链
液晶聚合物 308
11.15 Thermotropic Main-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers / 热致性
主链液晶聚合物 310
11.16 Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers / 支链液晶聚合物 315
11.17 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers / 手性向列型液晶
聚合物 317
Problems / 习题 320
References / 参考文献 324
Bibliography / 参考书目 324
Chapter 12The Glassy State and Glass Transition / 玻璃态和玻
璃化转变 326
12.1 The Amorphous State / 无定形态 327
12.2 The Glassy State / 玻璃态 327
12.3 Relaxation Processes in the Glassy State / 玻璃态松弛过程 327
12.4 Glass Transition Region / 玻璃化转变区域 329
12.4.1 The Glass Transition Temperature, Tg / 玻璃化转变
温度，Tg 329
12.4.2 Experimental Demonstration of Tg / Tg的实验测定 330
12.4.2.1 Measurement of Tg from V-T Curves / V-T
曲线法则 331
12.4.2.2 Thermal Methods / 量热法 332
12.4.3 Factors Affecting Tg / 影响玻璃化转变温度的因素 333
12.4.3.1 Chain Flexibility / 链柔性 334
12.4.3.2 Steric Effects / 立体位阻效应 334
12.4.3.3 Configurational Effects / 构型的影响 336
12.4.3.4 Effect of Cross-Links on Tg / 交联对Tg的
影响 338
12.5 Theoretical Treatments / 理论处理 336
12.5.1 The Free-Volume Theory / 自由体积理论 337
12.5.2 Gibbs-Di Marzio Thermodynamic Theory / Gibbs-Di
Marzio热力学理论 341
12.5.3 Adam-Gibbs Theory / Adam-Gibbs理论 342
12.6 Dependence of Tg on Molar Mass / 分子量对Tg的影响 343
12.7 Structural Relaxation and Physical Aging / 结构松弛和物
理老化 344
Problems / 习题 345
References / 参考文献 348
Bibliography / 参考书目 349
Chapter 13Rheology and Mechanical Properties / 流变和力学
性能 350
13.1 Introduction to Rheology / 流变学简介 351
13.2 The Five Regions of Viscoelastic Behavior / 黏弹行为的五个
区间 352
13.3 The Viscous Region / 黏性区 353
13.3.1 Shear Dependence of Viscosity / 黏度对剪切的依赖
性 355
13.3.2 Kinetic Units in Polymer Chains / 聚合物链的动力
学单元 357
13.3.3 Effect of Chain Length / 链长的影响 358
13.3.4 Temperature Dependence of  / 黏度对温度的依赖
性 359
13.3.5 Concentration Dependence of Viscosity / 黏度对浓度
的依赖性 359
13.3.6 Time-Dependent Behavior / 流体行为的时间依赖性 360
13.4 Mechanical Properties / 力学性能 361
13.4.1 Interrelation of Moduli / 模量之间的相互关系 363
13.5 Mechanical Models Describing Viscoelasticity / 描述黏弹性
的力学模型 363
13.6 Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of Amorphous Polymers / 无定型
聚合物的线性黏弹性行为 366
13.6.1 Creep / 蠕变 369
13.6.2 Stress朣train Measurements / 应力-应变测试 369
13.6.3 Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Response / 温
度对应力-应变响应的影响 369
13.6.4 Boltzmann Superposition Principle / 玻耳兹曼叠加原
理 371
13.6.5 Stress Relaxation / 应力松弛 372
13.7 Dynamic Mechanical and Dielectric Thermal Analysis / 动态
力学和介电热分析 372
13.7.1 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) / 动
态力学热分析（DMTA） 372
13.7.2 Dielectric Thermal Analysis (DETA) / 介电热分析
（DETA） 375
13.7.3 Comparison Between DMTA and DETA / DMTA和DETA
的比较 377
13.8 Time-Temperature Superposition Principle / 时温叠加原理 379
13.9 Dynamic Viscosity / 动力黏度 383
13.10 A Molecular Theory for Viscoelasticity / 黏弹性的分子
理论 384
13.11 The Reptation Model / 蠕动模型 386
Problems / 习题 388
References / 参考文献 393
Bibliography / 参考书目 394
Chapter 14  The Elastomeric State / 高弹态 395
14.1 General Introduction / 一般介绍 396
14.1.1 Natural Rubber / 天然橡胶 397
14.2 Experimental Vulcanization / 硫化实验 398
14.3 Properties of Elastomers / 弹性体的性质 398
14.4 Thermodynamic Aspects of Rubberlike Elasticity / 类橡胶弹性
的热力学方面 399
14.5 Nonideal Elastomers / 非理想弹性体 401
14.6 Distribution Function for Polymer Conformation / 聚合物构象
的分布函数 402
14.7 Statistical Approach / 统计学方法 405
14.7.1 Experimental Stress朣train Results / 应力-应变实验
结果
14.7.1.1 Simple Extension / 简单拉伸 405
14.7.1.2 Simple Compression / 简单压缩 407
14.7.1.3 Pure Shear / 纯剪切 407
14.7.1.4 Large Elastic Deformation / 大弹性变形 407
14.8 Swelling of Elastomeric Networks / 弹性体网络的溶胀 407
14.9 Network Defects / 网络缺陷 408
14.10 Resilience of Elastomers / 弹性体的回弹性 410
Problems / 习题 412
References / 参考文献 415
Bibliography / 参考书目 415
Chapter 15Structure朠roperty Relations / 结构与性能的关系 416
15.1 General Considerations / 概论 417
15.2 Control of Tm and Tg / Tm和Tg的控制 417
15.2.1 Chain Stiffness / 链的刚性 418
15.2.2 Intermolecuar Bonding / 分子间键合 419
15.3 Relation Between Tm and Tg / Tm和Tg的联系 421
15.4 Random Copolymers / 无规共聚物 421
15.5 Dependence of Tm and Tg on Copolymer Composition / 共聚物
组成对Tm和Tg的影响 422
15.6 Block Copolymers / 嵌段共聚物 425
15.7 Plasticizers / 增塑剂 427
15.8 Crystallinity and Mechanical Response / 结晶度和力学响应 428
15.9 Application to Fibers, Elastomers, and Plastics / 在纤维、塑料
和弹性体上的应用 430
15.10  Fibers / 纤维 430
15.10.1 Chemical Requirements / 化学要求 431
15.10.1.1 Linear Polyesters / 线型聚酯 433
15.10.2 Mechanical Requirements for Fibers / 纤维的力学
性能 434
15.10.2.1 Spinning Techniques / 纺丝技术 434
15.10.2.1.1 Melt Spinning / 熔融纺丝 434
15.10.2.1.2 Wet and Dry Spinning /
湿法和干法纺丝 434
15.10.2.2 Drawing, Orientation, and Crystallinity /
拉伸、取向和结晶度 435
15.10.2.3 Modulus and Chain Stiffness / 模量和
链的刚性 436
15.10.2.4 Other Factors / 其他因素 436
15.11 Aromatic Polyamides / 芳香族聚酰胺 437
15.12 Polyethylene / 聚乙烯 439
15.13 Elastomers and Cross-Linked Networks / 弹性体和交联网络 442
15.13.1 Cross-Linking / 交联 443
15.13.2 Creep in Cross-Linked Polymers / 交联聚合物中
的蠕变 443
15.13.3 Additives / 添加剂 443
15.14 Plastics / 塑料 443
15.14.1 Plastic Selection for Bottle Crate Manufacture / 制
造瓶用周转箱的塑料 445
15.14.2 Medical Applications / 医学应用 446
15.15 High-Temperature Speciality Polymers / 高温特种聚合物 447
15.16 Carbon Fibers / 碳纤维 454
15.17 Concluding Remarks / 结论 454
Problems / 习题 456
References / 参考文献 461
Bibliography / 参考书目 462
Chapter 16Polymers for the Electronics Industry / 聚合物在电子
工业中的应用 463
16.1 Introduction / 介绍 464
16.2 Polymer Resists for IC Fabrication / 聚合物抗蚀剂在工业中
的应用 464
16.3 The Lithographic Process / 光刻工艺 465
16.4 Polymer Resists / 聚合物抗蚀剂 466
16.4.1 Sensitivity / 敏感性 467
16.4.2 Resolution / 清晰度 468
16.5 Photolithography / 光刻法 468
16.5.1 Positive Photoresists / 正性光致抗蚀剂 468
16.5.2 Negative Photoresists / 负性光致抗蚀剂 469
16.6 Electron Beam Sensitive Resists / 电子束敏感抗蚀剂 472
16.6.1 Positive Resists / 正性抗蚀剂 472
16.6.2 Negative Resists / 负性抗蚀剂 473
16.7 X-ray and Ion Sensitive Resists / X射线和离子敏感抗蚀剂 473
16.8 Electroactive Polymers / 电活性聚合物 474
16.9 Conduction Mechanisms / 导电机理 475
16.10 Preparation of Conductive Polymers / 导电聚合物的制备 476
16.11 Polyacetylene / 聚乙炔 478
16.12 Poly(p-phenylene) / 聚苯撑 481
16.13 Polyheterocyclic Systems / 杂环聚合物 483
16.13.1 Polypyrrole / 聚吡咯 484
16.13.2 Sulfur Compounds / 硫化物 484
16.14 Polyaniline / 聚苯胺 485
16.15 Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) / 聚苯硫醚 485
16.16 Poly(1,6-heptadiyne) / 聚（1,6-庚二炔） 485
16.17 Applications / 应用 485
16.18 Photonic Applications / 光子应用 486
16.19 Light-Emitting Polymers / 发光聚合物 486
16.19.1 Applications / 应用 487
16.20 Nonlinear Optics / 非线性光学 487
16.21 Langmuir朆lodgett Films / LB膜 490
16.22 Optical Information Storage / 光信息存储 492
16.23 Thermorecording on Liquid Crystalline Polymers / 用液晶聚
合物进行热记录 496
References / 参考文献 495
Bibliography / 参考书目 495
Preface / 前言